Further results suggest that the ability to deter high quality challengers is an important source of that advantage.
In addition, Janet M. Box-Steffensmeier found in a 1996 paper that incumbents with large campaign war chests were less likely to face experienced, quality challengers.
If we had a sizable enough list, it could be a magnet for high-quality challengers to step up--as Ned Lamont did in 2006 against Joe Lieberman.
His election in 2006 was overshadowed by claims of fraud by a leftist challenger.
Morceli was soon tested by a new challenger, Moroccan Hicham El Guerrouj.
Pakula, elected in 1946, served another decade before being defeated by a Democratic challenger in 1958, Seymour R. Thaler.
Pete Stark of Fremont was the first to be toppled by a younger challenger from within his party. .
Ms. Schmidt was defeated by a challenger from outside Congress; Mr. Manzullo lost to fellow Representative Adam Kinzinger.
Usually these are evaluated through a game in which an adversary tries to acquire information from ciphertexts generated by a challenger [30].
Our KP-ABS-UT has the existential unforgeability if no Adversary has non-negligible advantage in the following game played by a Challenger and an Adversary.
