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According to IEEE 802.11e [23], STAs which do not have any queued packet to send, reply the CF-Poll by a Null frame.
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If the node does not have information to send, it will respond with a Null frame.
When the PC polls a station that has no packets to transfer, the station will transmit a null frame.
Background fluorescence from the camera, obtained using a null frame, was subtracted from each frame to obtain 'F'.
The STAs can respond to the polling frames by transmitting the null frames if the STAs do not have the data frames to transmit.
Further analysis of these sequences revealed that RXLR29 is represented by a null allele in Hpa Emoy2 caused by a frame-shift mutation resulting in a premature stop codon (Fig. S4).
Statistical significance tests start by specifying a null hypothesis.
Thus, the maximum configuration latency (MCL) for a frame k ensuring a null extra delay between two frames is evaluated using (1).
The null distribution can be generated by simulating under a null model of no positive selection.
CF-Null frames are transmitted by a polled STA if the STA does not have any pending data to send, τ is the propagation delay of the wireless LAN, and H is the length of the header and frame check sequence (FCS) of an 802.11 frame.
Otherwise, a static pedestrian, associated to a negative label, can have a high weight because he/she is detected by the detector at the same location in some frames with a null overlap_score and a high accumulation_score.
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