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In the H.263 standard, a run-length pattern is defined as a run of zero coefficients followed by a nonzero coefficient.
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The fact that there are two random variables (Ca p j u and Ca p j d ) does not pose a challenge in solving such an inequality, as at most one of them will have a nonzero coefficient at a time.
In the proposed method, the block of the DCT coefficients can be modified by inserting new nonzero coefficients 1 or -1, or removing coefficients 1 or -1.
This technique relies on the fact that many signals can be represented using only a few nonzero coefficients.
Therefore, fitting sparse models with only a few nonzero coefficients is interesting [ 20].
It corresponds to a nonzero Gauss coefficient g 1 0 of a spherical expansion of multipoles (while all other coefficients vanish).
In the actual embedding procedure as described in (6) and (7), embedding a specific bit may turn a nonzero DCT coefficient into zero and actually reduces the bit-rate by making a run-length pattern longer.
The method hides one bit using the last nonzero coefficient parity after quantization of a 4 × 4 luma block.
The adjusted positive predictive value (PPV*) is similar to the standard PPV, except that any selected nonzero coefficient falling within 500 kb of a GIANT-identified marker is counted as a true positive [ 39].
An edge is assigned for each nonzero coefficient.
CS theory also addresses the robustness of L1 algorithms to the distribution of nonzero coefficient magnitudes.
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