Sentence examples for by a new subtype from inspiring English sources

This was the first pandemic caused by a new subtype that was proven virologically.

This list includes smallpox, poliomyelitis due to wild-type poliovirus, human influenza caused by a new subtype, or SARS.

The International Health Regulations 2005 call for strengthened surveillance for all events that may constitute a "public health emergency of international concern"; such events include individual human cases of influenza caused by a new subtype of influenza virus A (3 ).

More than 90% of jurisdictions required reports of suspected and probable cases of the 4 immediately notifiable IHR 2005 conditions (i.e., smallpox, poliomyelitis caused by wild-type poliovirus, human influenza caused by a new subtype, and severe acute respiratory syndrome [SARS]) within 24 hours after diagnosis (Table 1).

NFPs found Annex 2 'fully relevant' for infectious diseases, such as smallpox (114[87.7%]), SARS (110[84.0%]), and human influenza cause by a new subtype (110[84.0%]), and less relevant for communicable diseases among animals 35[27.1%]), chemical contamination of products or the environment (57[44.5%]), and contaminated water (52[40.6%]) or foods (5[41.4%]).

However, some raised concerns that, in the absence of any accepted, evidence-based hierarchy of pathogens and toxins, Annex 2 was difficult to apply to certain events such as human influenza caused by a new subtype, food- and water-borne events, and chemical spills.

Control of a pandemic caused by the introduction of a new subtype of influenza virus A will require early detection and recognition of the event.

However, HA can change to evade previously acquired immunity either by antigenic drift, whereby mutations of the currently circulating HA gene disrupt antibody binding, or by antigenic shift, with the virus acquiring an HA of a new subtype by re-assortment of one or more gene segments.

6 8 9 Ocular manifestations of mitochondrial diseases are well recognised, and in the original report by Reardon et al which revealed a new subtype of diabetes caused by a mtDNA mutation, three patients were found to have retinal pigmentary changes. 2 10 However, there were no fundus photographs of the changes described in this initial report.

More importantly, emergence of a new subtype by genetic reassortment or interspecies transmission is of great concern for preventing influenza epidemics and pandemics (1 ).

Notably, the other 4 genotype 4 isolates could not be subtyped on the basis of the reference strains described by Lu et al. (4 ) but closely clustered with each other, forming a new subtype.