We evaluated the proximate mechanisms by which a maternal effect influences the expression of a novel resource-use phenotype, and thereby, resource polymorphism.
These data suggest that allocation of lysozyme at the clutch level may be a maternal effect mediated by male qualities.
Since the defects we observed were consistent with being caused by a dominant maternal effect, and since a dominant maternal effect locus, Accordion, had previously been described to map in the region 24F1-24F4, we tested alleles of genes in this region for their gastrulation phenotypes.
The house fly tra mutation produces a situation reminiscent of that observed in naturally occurring systems in which maternal genotype determines sex, such as Chrysomya rufifacies, suggesting a mutational mechanism by which maternal effect sex determination can evolve (Scott et al. 2014b).
We also found that a paternally inherited TP could not be preset by the strictly maternal effect of a non- TP.
The gap genes are activated or repressed by the maternal effect genes (bcd and cad).
In the only review available on the direction and intensity of parental effects in animals (using literature data on reciprocal crosses), mammals were indeed shown to be characterized by strong maternal effects for a number of traits [ 14].
PH MC4R mRNA expression was significantly reduced by HFD consumption, as well as litter size reduction (P<0.05, HFD and litter effects); whereas it was increased by maternal obesity (P<0.05, maternal effect, Fig. 5E,F).
Besides, BRR is controlled by nuclear genes but not by maternal effects and cytoplasm effects.
