The performances and characteristics of U-system approach were simply approved using a simple model of a linear pathway by comparing with the typical model constructed in Michaelis-Menten format where the enzymatic reaction velocity is usually determined by an in vitro experiment (Supplementary Information - additional file 1).
Characterization of these signalling elements has resulted in a model for ethylene signal transduction that is essentially a linear pathway, initiated by ethylene binding to membrane-bound receptors and culminating in transcriptional regulation at the nucleus (Fig. 1).
The current model of mycobacterial PIM biosynthesis supported by biochemical and genetic studies follows a linear pathway from PI→PIM2→PIM4→PIM6 (Fig. 4) (Chatterjee et al., 1992a; Besra & Brennan, 1997; Morita et al., 2004, 2006).
The pathway consists in four reactions (arranged in a linear pathway) coded by two genes: BLBBGE_281 [GenBank: CP001487] that codes the enzyme with activity EC 1.3.1.76 and the gene BLBBGE_278 [GenBank: CP001487] which codes an enzyme that catalyzes activities EC 2.1.1.107 and EC 4.99.1.4.
That JAM-A, Rap1, and β1-integrin exist in a linear pathway was supported by evidence from migration assays in which combined pharmacological inhibition of all three proteins failed to exert additive effects relative to single inhibition of any one protein.
Insulin signalling is to a large extent mediated by the activation of the TORC1 complex [12], following a linear pathway that is well characterised in both vertebrates and invertebrates [13] [16].
Although usually drawn as a linear pathway, the glucosinolate pathway is fueled by the co-substrates NADPH, glutathione, UDP-glucose, and PAPS [ 21].
Even for a linear pathway, manually ordering 100 genes would be arduous by hand.
18 rates are trivially calculable as zero fluxes (they are in a linear pathway with a reaction that was fixed to zero by the applied constraints).
We don't always have to think of time as a linear pathway towards the future.
