Furthermore, we note that our previous subcellular fractionation revealed that some hexokinase activity is associated with chloroplast membranes, and that this activity, unlike that in the chloroplast stroma, is unaffected by a knockout of PpHXK1 [ 5].
Because auxin is synthesized mainly in the shoot apex and young leaves, and then transported basipetally, the lowermost internodes in the sorghum dw3 and maize br2 mutants are affected the most by the modulation of auxin transport caused by a knockout of the ABCB1 gene (Multani et al. 2003; Knoller et al. 2010).
For example, the ability to complete syntactic grooming chains is impaired in several types of mutant mouse, caused by either a knockout of D1 dopamine receptors [ 41], or by a Weaver gene mutation that alters the nigrostriatal dopamine system [ 65, 66].
Since it has been reported that the ΔGAG mutation causes a reduction of torsinA in the striatum and the entire brain [26], [27], [28], we sought to determine if this phenomenon was mediated by a loss of function of torsinA in Purkinje cells by creating a knockout of the Dyt1 gene only in Purkinje cells (Dyt1 pKO) of mice.
Drugs that block PCSK9 (mimicking the naturally occurring human knockouts) are among the most promising lipid lowering agents ever since statin class drugs were introduced, and they were inspired solely by the cardiovascular benefits enjoyed by humans who have a knockout of this gene [ 5].
Here we have generated a knockout of eater by homologous recombination and showed its requirement for efficient phagocytosis of Gram-positive and but not Gram-negative bacteria.
The non-photochemical quenching mutant npq4 was generated by insertional mutagenesis [ 38], resulting in a knockout of the LHCSR3.1 and LHCSR3.2 genes [ 33].
Six centuries, from the 14th to the 20th, are covered by a knockout roster of artists, from the Venetian-born Lorenzo Lotto — whose forceful study of an authoritative figure, "Portrait of a Bearded Man" (about 1530-35), is a highlight — to the Americans Chuck Close and Richard Diebenkorn, represented by, well, representative works.
Double KOs impact: Average additional impact of double reaction knockouts, i.e., average number of reactions classes that become blocked by a double knockout { r, s}, but are not blocked by a single knockout of either r or s.
The Arabidopsis ugd2,3 mutant is characterized by a knockout in two of the four genes for UDP-glucose dehydrogenase (enzyme 1 in Fig. 1) resulting in a lower total enzyme activity for UGD of about 40%% relative to the wild type [ 5].
However, it was also shown by a neuronal knockout of ADAM10 that Aβ levels were significantly lower in the absence of this particular protease [ 105].
