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This is often accompanied by a hypersensitive response (HR) [ 5, 16].
Seedling resistance genes are effective at all stages of crop development and are often characterized by a hypersensitive response.
HR+ type interaction is manifested by a hypersensitive response and cell death in the plant at the region of entry of the gall midge maggots whereas HR-type interaction is non-hypersensitive mediated defense response.
ETI initiates an incompatible interaction characterized by a hypersensitive response (HR), programmed cell death, defense gene transcription, increase in salicylic acid (SA), and induction of systemic acquired resistance (SAR).
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Recognition is followed by triggering a hypersensitive response (HR) [ 6].
Increased levels of ROS, notably the superoxide anion (O2-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), kill the pathogen or limit colonization by triggering a hypersensitive response in the infected plant tissue [ 8].
The resistance mediated by ETI is often associated with a hypersensitive response (HR) at the infection site to inhibit pathogen proliferation (Chisholm et al. 2006; Jones and Dangl 2006).
NCT01402141 Allergic reaction is a hypersensitive response caused by immunoglobulin E (IgE -dependent mast cell actIgE -dependent
Two modes of resistance may be distinguished: PAMP triggered immunity (PTI) that is mediated by PRRs, and effector triggered immunity (ETI) that results from effector recognition by R proteins and often produces a hypersensitive response, a form of localised host programmed cell death [ 1].
Cryptogein is a proteinaceous elicitor secreted by the oomycete Phytophthora cryptogea, which induces a hypersensitive response in tobacco plants.
In some cases, pathogen effectors can be recognized by plant resistance proteins (R proteins), triggering a hypersensitive response (HR) and thereby limit pathogen infection [12].
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