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MeSH terms with an adjusted p-value less than 0.05 as calculated by a hypergeometric test and adjusted by a simulated Benjamini and Hochberg FDR correction of 1000 multiple tests are considered as significantly enriched in the human orthologues dataset.
Out of the 9,542 probe-sets associated with transcripts regulated by one of these 77 miR-seeds, 5,069 (53.1%) have lower average expression in tumors (i.e., the corresponding target genes are downregulated) than in normal tissue, compared with 41.6% of all the 40,539 probe-sets in the array (p<10−147 by a hypergeometric test, Figure 1).
When one considers the 6,574 probe-sets detecting transcripts carrying at least 2 target sites, the percentage improves to 54.4% (p<1.3·10−4 by a hypergeometric test), and it continues to increase for probe-sets detecting transcripts carrying more sites for miRNA binding, reaching about 70% for the 228 probe-sets detecting transcripts with more than 15 target sites.
Looking further for probe-sets detecting transcripts carrying at least 1 binding site for let-7/98, we find that among the 811 probe-sets detecting such transcripts, the percentage of downregulation increases to 56.60% (p<5.7510−14 by a hypergeometric test).
P-values were calculated by a hypergeometric test.
P-values were determined by a hypergeometric test with Benjamini-Hochberg multiple-test correction.
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The artificial term for every descendant of every ancestor in the list was then tested to determine if it was over-represented by applying a hypergeometric test [36].
We tabulated the shared pathways for all disease pairs (Table S7) and quantified the significance of observed pathway overlaps by performing a hypergeometric test for each database separately (Figure 4A).
Over-presented GO terms were identified by using a hypergeometric test with a significance threshold of 0.05 after a Benjamini and Hochberg FDR correction [ 83].
The statistical significance of the sub-network is determined by performing a hypergeometric test, a well-established method used in gene enrichment analyses [27].
In order to study how pre-established cellular functions were associated with the detected molecular paths, the combined networks were associated with functional protein categories from FunCat [ 31] by making a hypergeometric test with controlling false discovery rate (FDR) [ 32] q-value 0.05 as a cut-off, as described in [ 13].
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