The evoked responses were digitized (10 kHz) and amplified (×100) by a high-input impedance amplifier, and sent to a PC-based data acquisition system for online A/D conversion (Axon, Digidata 1440A) and digital analysis (Axonscope and Clampfit).
This problem can be avoided by using MOSFETs which have a very high input impedance.
Current-clamp experiments are always to a certain degree nonphysiological, no matter whether intracellular ATP/GTP is present or not: the cell's cytoplasm is exchanged by artificial intracellular solutions and, moreover, experiments are hampered by the high input resistance of sperm (discussed in Zheng et al. 2013, JGP).
She clarified, "The way we need to think about this is: what problems would insects actually solve in our food systems?" These problems include the feeding of the projected increase in global human population from seven billion to nine billion by 2050, the high input cost of animal agriculture and a decrease in arable land for growing crops for food.
Cells of the other glial group, by contrast, stain positively for NG2, and are characterized by high input resistance, the presence of voltage-dependent [Ca2+]i elevations and voltage-gated inward currents.
By "flipping" the high input signal from 5 to 1.5nM, we obtain a change in functionality, from NOR to NAND (negated AND).
Most of this breeding is now performed by companies, under high input conditions (e.g. fertilizers), rather than by local farmers, with as much as 94% of breeding in the United States conducted by the private sector [ 38].
Conventional agricultural systems have been characterized by high input of chemical fertilizer and pesticides leading to soil health deterioration and poor product quality due to a reduction in soil organic matter content.
For the case of Greece, some relevant conditions are summarised here: The continuity of pastoral and livestock farming activity does not seem to be threatened purely by product devaluation, high input prices and farm structural or economic restrictions.
