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This is followed by a "frozen phase", and is completed by a "thawing phase".
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For example, in order to explain the thermomechanical behavior of SMPs, Liu et al. [3] developed a thermomechanical constitutive model of epoxy SMP using phase transition (frozen phase and active phase) theory.
This indicates the existence of a non-frozen phase assuming conduction within the system.
When ice crystals form, any solutes or particles are expelled into a non-frozen phase, which forms around the crystals.
A man is walking by a frozen river.
This year, the illumination is preceded by "A Frozen Holiday Wish," featuring characters from the animated film.
This smectic glass is a frozen smectic-A phase in the case of 4a but may be a mixture of frozen smectic-C and smectic-A phases in the case of 4b (derived from 4,4′-dihydroxybiphenyl). Upon heating above the glass-transition the layer structures gradually disappear with formation of a nematic phase.
In cryogelation, the gelation process occurs in the non-frozen phase, and hence, a material is formed under apparently frozen conditions [13].
Before loading onto the device, cells were grown from a frozen stock to stationery phase.
M. tuberculosis H37Rv was grown from a frozen stock to mid-log phase in 7H9 medium (BD) supplemented with albumin-dextrose-catalase (ADC, Difco).
Compared to these two methods, freeze-drying method allows fabricating porous structures with a much simpler process by the sublimation of frozen liquid phase under vacuum to fabricate a porous structure [8].
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