Sentence examples for by a forward error from inspiring English sources

HARQ-CC In this scheme [30], each transmitted packet composed of the CRC header is encoded by a forward error correction (FEC) code of rate R 0 (See Fig. 1 for (N_{max }=3)).

The frame consists of the physical layer header (PL Header) followed by the forward error correction frame (FEC Frame), which is an LDPC encoded sequence of payload data symbols.

Even after transmission over 20 km SMF and splitting ratio of 32, acceptable transmission performance and widely separated constellation diagrams for the 16-QAM signals are achieved, with bit error rate (BER) of 10−6 for DS signals and 10−3 for the US signals which can be reduced down to 10−6 by using forward error correction (FEC).

By incorporating Forward Error Correction (FEC) schemes such as Turbo Trellis Coded Modulationb (TTCM) [5], the achievable performance can be further improved.

A CP-OFDM system can take this into account by discarding the affected sub-carriers if the channel is known at the transmitter or by using forward error correction (FEC) codes if it is not [8, 11].

It is worth noting that the abovementioned works study the system diversity via the upper-bound limit of the BER or OP in the absence of channel coding, which is not the case in many practical scenarios where nodes are usually protected by some forward error correction codes.

UEP property can be realized by various means, one practical technique is to give different redundant information to layers by forward error correction (FEC) codes.

Traditionally, the data transmission reliability is guaranteed by acknowledgments and/or FEC (forward error correction).

The QoS gain that can be obtained by applying multi-burst forward error correction for DVB-H streaming services with AL-FEC with respect to the conventional approach with MPE-FEC, based on a burst by burst protection, is reported in [5].

A soft-input forward error correction (FEC) decoder recovers finally the original message.

There are two ways to recover a service composition from an error: backward and forward error recovery.