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The mitochondrion is surrounded by a double membrane system enclosing a fluid interior space called the matrix.
Hydrogenosomes are enveloped by a double membrane and generate cellular energy via the partial oxidation of pyruvate to acetate (pyruvate fermentation).
The nucleus is surrounded by a double membrane, called the nuclear envelope, that fuses at intervals to form pores allowing molecular communication with the cytoplasm.
The nucleus, containing the genetic material of the cell, is surrounded by a double membrane with large pores that permit the exchange of materials between the nucleus and cytoplasm.
As shown in Figure 6E, control MCF7 cells showed typical mitochondrial morphology, characterized by a double membrane containing a homogeneous matrix and a system of parallel cristae.
At the ultrastructural level, Bin-induced giant vacuoles looked like homogeneous electron-clear matrices limited by a single membrane characteristic of autolysosomes, in contrast to autophagosomes, which are enclosed by a double membrane (Fig. 2C).
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Autophagy is a catabolic process aimed to degrade damaged organelles, proteins and cellular debris by engulfing them into a double membrane vesicle called the autophagosome and eliminating them by posterior fusion with the lysosome.
The nuclear envelope consists of a double membrane punctuated by nuclear pores, which traverse both membranes of the nuclear envelope and regulate trafficking between the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm.
The images show that some cells contain bacteria that are encapsulated by a double-membrane vesicle.
Autophagy is initiated by a double-membrane structure that closes to form an autophagosome, which contains cytoplasmic material, including organelles, protein aggregates and lipids.
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved catabolic degradation cellular process in which misfolded proteins or damaged organelles are first sequestered by a double-membrane vesicle, called an autophagosome.
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