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This study used a multistage sampling procedure, and hence, the calculated sample size is multiplied by a design effect based on Cochran (1977) and Daniel (1999).
Current guidelines recommend that TAS sample sizes are inflated by a design effect of two when cluster random sampling is used.
The calculated sample size, 345, was multiplied by a design effect of 2 and 10% of the calculated sample size, 69, was added for non-response.
The sample was multiplied by a design effect of 2 and by 10% was added non response it giving the final sample size of 668.
Final sample size was 592 after adding 5% for none response and multiplying the sample by a design effect of 2 for the multi-stage sampling.
The result was then multiplied by a design effect of 2 (D=2) and after that 15% contingency was added for the possible nonresponse rate.
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We accounted for clustering within households by using a design effect of 1.5.
A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select the study participant by considering a design effect of two.
Assuming an average cluster size, required sample sizes are readily computed for both binary and continuous outcomes, by estimating a design effect or inflation factor.
13 However, since two schools were included, by considering a design effect of two, the required sample size was calculated as 88 participants.
Because the students were to be sampled in clusters by schools, a design effect of 1.3, estimated from Williamson et al. [ 50], was applied to produce a required sample size of 455.
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