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For each mechanism, the A allele reduces WEC by a defined amount α (described below), such that homozygous AA sheep have a WEC that is 2α lower than the WEC of homozygous aa sheep.
Based on a pure silica system using TEOS as silicon precursor and 3 wt % Pluronic P123 as a structure-directing agent, TEOS was replaced step by step by a defined amount of the organosilane SSP1 (1) or SSP2 (3) and, furthermore, by the corresponding single-source precursor SSP1-Eu (2) or SSP2-Eu (4).
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The molten-salt-coated Pt on alumina catalyst was obtained by applying a defined amount of salt to the heterogeneous catalyst in water, followed by solvent removal and drying under vacuum.
The artificially cemented clay was produced by mixing a defined amount of cement and ice particles with uncemented materials to reproduce interparticle chemical bonds and large pores found in naturally cemented clay.
A recovery assay was also performed by adding a defined amount of MDA before incubating with the oxidant mixture.
Drop casted films were prepared by placing a defined amount of 200 μL solution on the clean glass slides.
The salt-modified Pt catalysts were synthesized by adding a defined amount of salt in the form of an aqueous solution to the heterogeneous catalyst.
The starting point of our process is a bead-based normalisation of genomic DNA (gDNA), a step that replaces quantification by using a defined amount of DNA-binding beads to enforce a reproducible, input DNA quantity while also removing possible contaminants such as salts and proteins.
Lung injury was induced by inhalation of a defined amount of aerosolised ammonia.
The cells were measured gravimetrically by filtering (Nalgene 300 4100) a defined amount of biomass suspension through a pre-dried and pre-weighted suction filter (Filter Paper, Grade 392, Anugrah Niaga Mandiri, Jakarta, Indonesia).
Extracts from the pea seeds expressing scFv AB28 were prepared by grinding the seeds in a ball mill followed by soluble protein extraction from a defined amount of the powder in PBS containing 1 mM PMSF.
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