Sentence examples for by a concentration difference from inspiring English sources

The six-sided stars that were grown in Figure 2 looked very similar to lead (II) sulphide (PbS) stars that were grown by a concentration difference and gradient (CDG) technique [20].

Based on the measurement of the unitary permeability pu = (3.0 ± 1.0) × 10−3 μm/s (mean ± standard error of the mean, SEM) presented in Figure  1, we estimate Jpore =  pu (c1 −c2) = 226 ± 75 molecules/s per channel to be the unitary flux of calcein driven by a concentration difference c1 −c2 = 125 μM (see Methods).

Suitable high concentration of liquid solid ratio enhances the efficiency of extraction by creating a concentration difference between the interior plant cell and the exterior solvent, which in turn augments the mass transfer rate and ends up with the increase in extraction efficiency [25].

However, the net flux of water, the filtration, which can be measured by volume change, is the difference between the influx and an almost equal efflux and thus it is driven by an equivalent concentration difference of water, which across a peripheral capillary wall is approximately 1 mM.

Our experimental data indicate that the unitary flux of calcein driven by a 125 μM concentration difference is Jpore = 226 molecule/s per channel.

They supposed the convection induced by particle concentration difference to be a possible reason.

Lithium iron battery is actually a concentration battery whose charge and discharge are realized by the concentration difference of Li+.

In nanometer pores ignoring the viscosity effect, mass flux due to diffusion caused by molecular concentration difference (Javadpour et al. 2007) can be expressed as J_{text{d}} = frac{{MD_{text{k}} }}{RT}frac{{Delta P}}{L}.

In each case, the overall trend of the surface tension is controlled by the concentration difference between the drop and the environment solution.

At each time step, we solved first the diffusion, that is, we updated the value of each bin ij based on the Fickian flux with its 4 neighbors (given by the concentration difference multiplied by the diffusion coefficient multiplied by the time step, d t = 0.001).

To provide a more interpretable measure of the PCB "effect size," we calculated a risk ratio comparing sex ratio at the 90th vs. 10th percentiles of PCBs by multiplying the per-unit PCB coefficient by the concentration difference between the 90th and 10th percentiles.