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These were presumed to be related by a chiral difference at the spiro carbon atom.
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The turning point to asymmetric synthesis of metolachlor was the use of an iridium catalyst [29], made chiral by a chiral ferrocenylposphane ligand, Josiphos.
The syn-mechanism has been assumed (but not proven) for the cyclization of 130[ 56] and 131[ 57] (Scheme 35), where the chiral control is exercised by a chiral sulfinimide group and chiral ligand 132, respectively.
The extracted samples were re-analysed by a chiral stationary phase to determine the concentration of ABZ-SO enantiomers.
An enantioselective version of this reaction catalyzed by a chiral bis(oxazoline copper II) complex has been reported.
This transformation is catalyzed by a chiral tertiary-amine-thiourea compound 211a in combination with benzoic acid.
The following year, a sulfonyl-directed oxidation of N-sulfonyl imines catalyzed by a chiral hafnium complex was reported by Yamamoto and co-workers.
The absolute configuration of sugar residues may also be determined by H NMR spectroscopy, once the oligo- or polysaccharide hydrolysate has been acylated by a chiral acyl ester.
Mezzetti, Togni, and co-workers described an asymmetric hydroxylation of β-keto esters catalyzed by a chiral titanium(IV) TADDOLate complex (eq 15).
The intramolecular isotope effect (kH/ kD=2.5) is consistent with a concerted metallation deprotonation pathway mediated by a chiral η-carboxylate ligand.
In 2002, Sodeoka and co-workers reported the enantioselective fluorination of β-ketoesters catalyzed by a chiral palladium complex (Scheme 3).
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