The total luminosity of the Coma cluster is measured to be about 3 × 1013 solar luminosities; therefore, the mass-to-light ratio in solar units required to explain Coma as a bound system exceeds by an order of magnitude what can be reasonably ascribed to the known stellar populations.
Case studies have been described as an exploration of a bounded system, for example bounded by time, place or system [ 25].
The problem addressed in this paper is the input-constrained indirect adaptive tracking control of a discrete-time system perturbed by a bounded disturbance.
Indeed, many interesting quantitative properties, like minimal necessary battery capacity and maximal achievable lifetime, can be naturally specified by quantitative-bound automata, which are finite automata with integer registers whose analysis is constrained by a bound function f that maps each system K to an integer f(K).
The existence of a bound Ps system was predicted by Wheeler [11].
De-epoxidation is likely to require strictly anaerobic conditions, and oxidation/epimerization may be catalyzed by membrane-bound systems that are difficult to express and assemble in plants.
Bound by an elaborate system of patronage and factional infighting, Japanese politicans have been unable, and often unwilling, to grapple with what everyone agrees is a growing economic crisis.
Some conservative jurists would have us believe the classical approach which claims that the courts are bounded by a self-executing system of laws, not influenced by political, social or religious biases.
East of the latter is the Great Indian, or Thar, Desert, which is in turn bounded on the east by a hill system known as the Aravali Range, the northernmost extent of the Deccan plateau region.
