The randomly occurring filter gain variations are utilized to express the random change of filter parameters that is governed by a binary sequences taking values on 0 or 1.
Assuming that the watermark carries a hidden message M with information that can be used, for instance, to identify the intended recipient of the protected image; this message is mapped by an encoder into a binary sequence of bits (by denoting for bit and for bit 0).
Each chain was converted into a binary sequence by substituting 1 for disaccharides in the highly sulfated domain and 0 for disaccharides in the less sulfated domain.
Our main contributions in spectrum detections may lie in that, for the first time, we model the working states of PU as a binary sequence characterized by finite state machine.
Figure 4 displays a binary sequence generated by a telegraph process and the 1/f2 dependence of its power spectrum.
A binary sequence is generated by adding a 0 at each timestep that the walker remains below the threshold.
In this case a binary sequence is generated by constructing a two-state system, (0 and 1) where, at each timestep, the probability of making the transition 0→1 (1→0) is given by k+Δt (k−Δt).
The input data is processed by the swap and XOR/XNOR functions under the control of a binary sequence from a chaotic system.
Here, we specify to be a binary sequence, for example,.
