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The danger of such practice is that trials may end up being sufficiently powered to detect convenient differences, but underpowered to detect clinically meaningful differences.
This implies that our genome-wide association dataset with a sample size of 226 is powered to detect large effects of very common variants, but underpowered to detect small effects of rare variants.
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The recent SADHART (Sertraline AntiDepressant Heart Attack Trial) investigation demonstrated that sertraline is safe and efficacious in depressed patients with ischemic heart disease but was underpowered to detect a mortality difference between sertraline and placebo.
The study used a fairly large sample (n = 80) but was underpowered to detect any statistically significant effects.
The studies in these patients are sufficiently powered to detect effectiveness for their primary end point, prophylaxis or treatment of AF, but are underpowered to detect differences in mortality or adverse effects due to the low incidence of these events.
Some of these randomized trials demonstrated less severe or shorter duration of delirium in the treatment groups, but were underpowered to detect an effect on length of stay or mortality [ 24- 26].
Statistically significant difference was found in the level of depression but the study was underpowered to detect statistically significant differences in anxiety, hopelessness, and loneliness.
The limits of agreement between TTE- and PAC-derived MPAP were similar for mechanically ventilated and spontaneously ventilating patients, but the study was underpowered to detect a significant difference between these two groups.
This difference was not statistically significant, but the study was underpowered to detect such small differences.
Published clinical trials have not found an increased incidence of CVC-related bloodstream infections due to Candida species but these studies are underpowered to detect such a difference.
We did not observe any clear evidence of a relation between physical activity or sedentary behaviours and breast cancer risk, but the study was underpowered to detect the moderate differences in risk generally associated with these.
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