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Since there were small changes in AMP gene expression but strong activation of the proPO activating system, PO may play a major role as defense mechanism of the host to fight the invading pathogenic A. hydrophila AH-3.
Subtype 1.2 shares activation of many pathways with Subtype 1.1 but strong activation of JAK-STAT is unique to 1.2.
There was a gradual but strong activation of ASK1 during ischaemia peaking at 45 min (Fig. 5A) similar to that seen for MKK6 (Fig. 3B).
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Kinetics may explain some discrepancy between the published data with human cells since we confirmed a lack of activation of NF-IL-6 or c-Jun after 30 minutes of stimulation with IL-1 [ 37] but a strong activation of both pathways after 4 hours of stimulation [ 38].
ERRa, but not ERRβ, showed strong activation of miR-433 and miR-127 promoters of human, rat, and dog (Figure S1).
We did not find significant changes in VEGF pathway status, but we did find strong activation of major pro-angiogenic pathways AKT, TGF and MAPK., which is in agreement with observations that the density of endothelium decreases as the drusen size increases [ 43].
The present study not only determined that Fe-SP induced ROS generation is the primary mechanism of cytotoxic action but is also responsible for strong activation of p38 and JNK, which can completely be abolished by cellular co-treatment with exogenous antioxidants.
TRAIL but not chemotherapy induced a strong activation of JNK and subsequent phosphorylation of Bim.
Strong activation of ERK but not p38 MAPK and JNK was reported in macrophages treated with hydrogen sulfide [ 29].
G-CSF induced strong activation of ERK, but not AKT, in these cells, despite robust activation of AKT by IL-6.
In cotransfection experiments using luciferase constructs, we observed that ∆Np73-α, but not TAp73-α, induced a strong activation of EGR1 promoter.
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