However, overwhelming activation of granulocytes and monocytes can contribute to significant cell and tissue damage [7].
It is not yet clear if this astroglia-proliferation is due to bacterial toxins or to overwhelming activation of early immune responses [36].
Undesirable overwhelming activation of immune responses may lead to harmful consequences.
The LktA protein induces the overwhelming activation of neutrophils leading to production of cytokines that mediate tissue injury [ 12- 15].
Among the multifaceted mechanism of pathogenesis of dengue, high DENV burden was reported to circumstantially associate with DHF in hosts with secondary infection [ 37, 38], while the overwhelming activation of Th2 cytokines was documented in the development of DHF in dengue patients of primary and secondary infections alike [ 17, 20– 20].
Because overwhelming activation of TLR4 signaling underlies the pathogenesis of sepsis (Weighardt & Holzmann, 2007; Tsujimoto et al, 2008), various TLR4 antagonists have been developed and some have entered clinical trials (Tsujimoto et al, 2008; Rice et al, 2010; Wittebole et al, 2010; Opal et al, 2013).
We would hypothesize that testing of mast cell activators at the time of dengue diagnosis, which is generally after the onset of fever and after the development of systemic infection, would be a promising strategy to limit overwhelming systemic activation of mast cells while allowing the early and protective mast cell responses to occur without hindrance.
These data provide overwhelming evidence that activation of PKC enzyme is essential for lipid metabolism [82].
In overwhelming sepsis, platelets contribute to activation of the procoagulant cascade and ensuing complications linked to microvascular thrombosis and subsequent organ dysfunction [16].
Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is characterized by the presence of an overwhelming inflammatory response, with unregulated activation of the coagulation system.
