Only one paper reported on SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line behavior after exposure to moderate hypergravity for short periods of time [ 33].
Where more than one paper reported on the same or overlapping cohorts, or subgroups of large cohorts, care was taken to avoid double counting, and the report with the most information on the largest number of individuals was used.
One paper reported on study level data in registration trials for drugs treating lower urinary tract symptoms [ 5] and another from patient level data in four pooled studies in stress urinary incontinence [ 6].
Almost all of the 44 papers excluded on full text did not provide information on MHCP attitudes and behaviours (n = 41), two described experiences with one MHCP only, and one paper reported on the attitudes of providers who were not skilled.
47 76 One of these reports was the sole report of a trial providing data only on acute toxicity, 41 one paper reported only clinical failure 39 and one paper reported biochemical failure, biochemical disease-free survival and quality of life 57; these three studies were then excluded since they did not report the outcomes of interest to us.
Of the five papers, four reported the effects of specified P4P schemes (WNY-PIP; PIP-DI; IHA-P4P) on healthcare performance, whereas one paper reported the effects of financial incentives in general versus the effects of other external incentives.
For example, one paper reported data for 100 patients but summarised outcomes for 120 feet, whereas another reported patient pain scores after surgery for both left and right ankles on some patients and single ankles for other patients.
Although one paper reported data supporting the use of the LSAS as a self-reporting instrument [ 44], we were not willing to use the LSAS in an unconventional way because a self-reporting version has not yet been validated in Japan.
One paper reported that 33.8% of reports required editing by radiologists prior to final approval after transcription, and in 5.6%, the changes were significant in terms of patient impact [42].
In what was arguably the best example of how uninformed – and, apparently, averse to basic research – the media were when it came to rave and acid house, one paper reported finding "ecstasy wrappers" littering one post-party dancefloor.
