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Then the other kind is the loop that requires presence but not dependence, otherwise known as "parallel-play".
This function of arrestins is exemplified by studies on the role of arrestins in the development of tolerance to, but not dependence on, morphine.
He concluded that oestrogen-regulated genes are molecular markers of oestrogen sensitivity (but not dependence).
Importantly, an association (but not dependence) between the decrease in choline uptake and inhibition of choline kinase activity in intact HT29 cells was demonstrated.
The exclusion criteria were drug dependence (based on the M.I.N.I.; subjects with a history of drug abuse, but not dependence, were included), neurological or somatic conditions affecting the structure or function of the brain, and contraindications for MRI examination.
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The DTNBP1 polymorphism was significantly associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as well as nicotine and opiate dependence but not alcohol dependence.
It may seem like a trivial or academic distinction, but addiction is not dependence, and dependence is not necessarily a problem.
Previous findings on ethidium-proton co-transport by LmrA-MD and LmrA indicated that the E314A substitution in transmembrane helix 6 abrogates ΔpH-dependence but not Δψ-dependence of this reaction [29], [30].
But the discourse almost always fails to explicitly and openly discuss drug-related harms in the context of the real driver behind most drug use, which is not dependence, but drug-related pleasure.
In existing approaches to the inverse problem where genotypes are observed but pedigree relationships are not, dependence between phenotypes is either modeled as Bayesian uncertainty or mapped to an IBD model via inferred relatedness parameters.
The patients who received an abuse but not a dependence diagnosis for a specific substance also received a "0" score for that dependence diagnosis.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com