Collectively, these results suggest that ATR may not directly interact with NR5A receptors, but instead activates three signaling pathways known to activate NR5A receptors, including phosphorylation of SF-1, generation of SF-1 ligands, and increased production of cAMP.
This residue is not responsible for substrate binding but instead activates the glutathione thiol via hydrogen bonding.
During this pathogenesis, bone marrow nestin+ cells do not seem to differentiate into fibroblasts or osteoblasts, but instead activate the Schwann cell program as a consequence of the neuroglial damage caused in the bone marrow by mutated HSCs (Arranz et al., 2014 ).
Jorge et al. also described a new biosynthetic pathway restricted to bacteria which does not rely on CTP-activated glycerolipids but uses instead activated inositol in the form of CDP-inositol [ 44].
Other drugs are not enzyme inhibitors, but instead activate enzymes involved in NAD metabolism.
However, autophagy is rarely persistently activated in response to stress, but is instead activated in a dynamic manner to avoid autophagy-induced cell death.
Unlike most other receptors, HER2 has no known endogenous ligand but is instead activated by forming homo or heterodimers with other members of the EGFR family [ 64].
In two thorough, but highly controversial publications, data have been presented indicating that TPCs are not Ca2+ channels, but rather Na+-selective ion channels that are insensitive to NAADP and instead activated by the phosphoinositide PI 3,5 P2 and ATP depletion.
Instead, activated wildtype p53 merely holds some of these oncogenic clones in stasis, suppressing their further malignant evolution only as long as p53 remains functional.
