Ectopic activation of Hedgehog activity in PDCs was obtained either through expression of a dominant-active version of GLI2 [41] or a dominant-active form of Smoothened (SmoA1).
Thus, hitchhiker mutants show normal expression patterns of markers in the posterior region of the limb buds but appear to have ectopic activation of Shh pathway targets in the anterior region of the limb, in the absence of ectopic Shh ligand.
After dimerization, a multi-protein complex is formed that exerts strong oncogenic activities: a) ectopic activation of P-TEFb kinase results in a hyperactivation of transcriptional elongation processes, and b) co-bound histone methyltransferases cause ectopic H3K4/H3K79 patterns which subsequently effectuate epigenetic deregulation in a genome-wide fashion (Benedikt et al., 2011).
Furthermore, loss of GCK-1 activity results in ectopic activation of a specific MPK-1 isoform that has not previously been shown to have a significant role in the germline.
Because Hh up-regulates Dpp in A cells (but not in P cells), ectopic activation of CG16884 in A cells could be a consequence of Dpp-dependent activation.
In the embryo, the upregulation of Abd-B expression in PS11 would require either an increase in Abd-B promoter activity or the ectopic activation of iab-7 by the iab-6 initiator in PS11 cells.
Transfected short DNA molecules with stable blunt ends (false DSB, Dbait, DNA Therapeutics, Paris, France) lure cells that activate the DNA repair process (massive ectopic activation of DNA-PK) by inhibiting breaks repair.
However, ectopic activation of Wnt signaling did not induce luciferase activity of the Hedgehog responsive Gli-BS reporter (Fig. 4B).
Ectopic activation of NPRL2 in NPRL2-deficient H1299 cells activated ATM, as indicated by the upregulated phospho-ATM expression at 24 h and 48 h post transfection in both the presence and absence of cisplatin.
I also find that ectopic activation of Mal can stimulate tissue growth, but only in the fly wing, where SRF is most highly expressed.
