Sitagliptin also improved FPG, HOMA-B, and fasting proinsulin:insulin ratio but had a neutral effect on body weight.
Elevated HbA1c was associated with a higher risk of mortality in patients without recognized diabetes even after adjusting for other known risk factors, but had a neutral effect on mortality in patients with diabetes.
G-CSF enhances stem cell engraftment after allogeneic HSC transplantation and prevents prolonged neutropenia, but has a neutral effect on acute GVH reaction 53 while increasing chronic GVH reaction, a phenomenon recently associated with increased Th17 differentiation 54.
Exendin-4 [ 131], exenatide [ 132] and liraglutide [ 133] have been shown to reduce infarct size in animals, but also a neutral effect of liraglutide on myocardial infarct size was found [ 134].
In such conditions of low protein∶GAG molar ratio, protein aggregation still occurs in proximity of the GAGs, given the high affinity of such compounds for proteins, but the polysaccharides may have a neutral effect, rather than an accelerating potential.
Variants predicted to have a neutral effect but demonstrated to be deleterious in the validation study were classified as damaging.
Half the subjects experienced a 9 43% reduction in serum total cholesterol and the other subjects (either diabetic or very hypercholesterolemic) experienced a neutral effect, but none of the subjects showed increased total cholesterol.
And so, Dr. Stefanick said, it is possible that Premarin contains hormones that protected against cancer as well as ones that spurred its growth, effectively leading to a neutral effect.
But most current recycling has, at best, a neutral effect on the environment, and much of it is demonstrably harmful.
MedImmune said the acquisition would decrease its per-share earnings in 2002 and have a neutral effect in 2003, but would then add to earnings starting in 2004.
