Analysis of cortisol showed no significant interactions, but a main effect of age and a trend toward higher cortisol in the CHR group.
A two-way ANOVA revealed no interaction effect of exercise and stress on total chocolate consumption, or main effect of stress, but a main effect of exercise [F 1, 74) = 7.12, p < .01].01]
Regarding t10,c12 CLA, no interaction effects were observed, but a main effect was observed to reduce lumbar spine BMD (0.265±0.044 vs. 0.255±0.044 g/cm2, P<.01) along with reduced retention of Ca and P at Week 4. No other dietary effects were observed.
In response to training, the analysis of variance indicated no significant interaction effects for VO2 values between the two groups at all of the work rates (90, 120, 150, 180 W, Fig. 1, p > 0.05) but a main effect for time was found to be significant (p < 0.05) indicating a generally lower VO2 or energy cost from pre- to post-intervention.
The three-factorial ANOVA revealed no main effects of protocol (p>0.1) or group (p>0.5), and no interaction (p>0.1), but a main effect of time (F1.75, 33.15 = 8.62; p = 0.001; Fig. 4a c).
The three-factorial ANOVA revealed no main effects of protocol (p>0.1) or group (p>0.3), but a main effect of time (F1.75, 37.29 = 6.62; p = 0.003) and an additional interaction between time* protocol (F6, 108 = 2.43; p = 0.03) occurred.
In the W-D condition ANOVA for 1H amplitude in averaged SS-VEP blocks disclosed a significant two-way interaction of group by block (F(15,410) = 2.48, p=0.002), but not a main effect of group (F 3,82) = 2.50, p=0.06) and block (F 5,410) = 1.54, p= 0.17) separately.
The present study did not find any GxE or GxGxE effects but rather a main effect of 5-HTTLPR on internalizing symptoms as for example showed by Hoefgren et al. in a case control study on depression [ 31].
Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a highly significant main effect of trial-type (cued vs. non-cued; F 1,11) = 65.1; p < 0.001), but neither a main effect of group (F < 1), nor a group by trial-type interaction (F 1,11) = 1.1; p > 0.20).
There was no main effect of intervention (P = 0.645, F = 0.225) or time (P = 0.254, F = 1.420) on left masseter PPTol, but there was a main effect of day (P = 0.026, F = 3.054).
Left temporalis PPTol was not significantly influenced by intervention (P = 0.943, F = 0.005) or day (P = 0.700, F = 0.550) but there was a main effect of time (P = 0.038, F = 3.156) (Figure 2).
