An engineering design case was analyzed using the theoretical concepts of boundary objects and intermediary objects: Boundary objects facilitate collaboration between different knowledge domains, while the aim of an intermediary object is to circulate knowledge and thus produce a distant effect.
This may suggest that parent child interaction is essential to determine the impact of parental psychopathology on children, or that it is easier to detect an immediate effect than a distant effect of a stressor on child development.
Such an distant effect is not so evident in case of membrane rupture suggesting (since mechanical effect become global) important modifications for the cytoskeleton between the two types of stress studied.
However, as mentioned above these studies were performed with insufficient radiation dose and whether the benefit from the prolonged HT was from a local or distant effect, or a combination of both is unknown.
As an illustration, the distant effect in the interface layer produced by an influencing normal point force is luminously revealed to be two-dimensional, consisting of a combination at the origin of a bending hot spot and an infinite line of centres of dilatation.
Furthermore, we demonstrated that the vector cocktail could provoke a distant antitumor effect on metastasized tumors.
Moreover, rAAV/rAdv-hTERTC27 vector cocktail reduced the growth of distant uninjected tumors, suggesting that it mediates a distant bystander effect.
Isbert et al. confirmed some of these findings showing an enhanced cellular immune response and a distant bystander effect after laser-induced thermotherapy [ 21].
In the clinical situation, we have shown a distant bystander effect after laser thermotherapy in a patient with malignant melanoma [ 20].
In classic radiobiology there is the so-called abscopal (out-of field or distant) effect, where irradiation of one organ results in a change in another, unirradiated organ [ 52].
