Second, we propose that the total burden of resistance should also reflect the extent of resistance among prevalent (i.e. extant) TB in a community, since these individuals are the potential source cases for transmitted resistance, and represent the current resource demand for second- or third-line antibiotics.
The majority of the unrecognized resistant mutations are clinically-relevant, and they increased the overall burden of resistance in these subjects.
Finally, when exclusion of private sector cases from surveys results in biased estimates of the local burden of resistance, we describe an efficient method for including data from private sector samples to produce valid estimates of resistance.
The presence of various transient components depends on the fault inception point on voltage wave, type of FSC, system SIR, burden, fault resistance and fault location.
The 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine system appears to be promising for further studies as an antimalarial for overcoming the burden of resistance in P. falciparum.
This burden of resistance, however, is probably more due to the higher rate of inappropriate empiric antimicrobial treatment associated with infections caused by MDR pathogens than with the virulence of particular MDR strains [11].
Therefore the use of enhanced interrogation techniques actually lifted the burden of resistance off the shoulders of al Qaeda members, which was a relief to them.
Estimates of drug resistant tuberculosis based on samples of incident cases should be viewed as a lower bound of the total burden of resistance.
However, it is important to recognize that these incidence survey approaches do not provide a complete account of the burden of resistance and may, in many circumstances, underestimate the investment in resources that will be required to confront the total burden of resistance within communities.
Our study using a new ultra-deep sequencing method provides additional evidence that the burden of resistance in treatment-experienced subjects at time of virologic failure is greater than that reflected by standard HIV genotyping.
