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Some of the burden on host countries was reduced as national teams began to bring more of their own medical support – including masseurs, trainers and nutritionists as well as team doctors.
The elitist sports put a great burden on host nations anyway, who need to erect massive infrastructure for a handful of players.
Tolerance to infections is defined as the ability of a host to limit the impact of a given pathogen burden on host performance.
Many of the 245,000 Syrian refugees in Iraq are located in the same geographical area as internally displaced Iraqis, placing a major burden on host communities and services.
Tolerance to infections, in turn, is defined as the ability of the host to limit the impact of a given pathogen burden on host health, performance, and ultimately on fitness (Clunies-Ross 1932; Painter 1958; Simms and Triplett 1994; Simms 2000).
(iii) Both coexpression of auxiliary proteins and protein fusions impose additional metabolic burden on host cells, but the small size of the affibody scaffold limits this burden, which is especially important when short peptides such as Aβ are to be expressed.
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The authors of this guideline acknowledge the benefits of GHEs but also the potential ethical challenges and burdens on hosts.
The persistence of a mobile element in a given population is thus the result of a delicate balance between an excessive mutational burden on the host caused by the element's unrestricted activity, and excessive negative regulation imposed by the host on the element to limit mobility.
Febrile episodes typically have a deleterious effect on parasites and probably benefit the host by aiding parasite clearance; however, the parasite may also gain advantage from limiting its burden on the host and prolonging infection to ensure development and transmission of slow-maturing gametocytes.
We speculate that plasmids are more than a burden on their host, and that there may be coevolution and/or a mutualistic relationship present between plasmids and their hosts.
All of this puts the burden on their host families, who, according to a survey conducted by Save the Children, have taken in more than two families each.
Write better and faster with AI suggestions while staying true to your unique style.
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com