To date, no study has been undertaken in the Region to estimate the economic burden of cholera for use in advocacy for its prevention and control.
Despite the development of lightweight and high-speed laser scanners, the complicated measurement procedure and long measurement time are still heavy burdens for widespread use of laser scanning.
Besides, measures short of prohibition would likely soften whatever risk the adoption of DNA phenotyping would pose to egalitarian norms -- for example, requiring higher burdens for investigatory use, or racial impact assessments of the kind that gained national prominence after the Supreme Court struck down a key provision of the Voting Rights Act.
On the contrary, private expenditures are the highest among the EU countries, and this means that the income, in all socio-economic classes, is burdened for the use of health services.
Thus, the PhenX Toolkit provides the research community with a core set of high-quality, well-established, low-burden measures intended for use in large-scale genomic studies.
The PhenX Toolkit provides the research community with a core set of high-quality, well-established, low-burden measures intended for use in genome-wide association studies and other population-based studies.
In 2010, after observing an uptick in antibiotic use, the country initiated its "yellow card initiative," which sets regulatory limits on antibiotic use based on the size of a swine farm, shifting the burden for minimizing antibiotic use from veterinarians to farmers [ 27, 34].
Average PM2.5 concentrations in homes using gas for cooking were therefore taken as a 'baseline' for the contribution of all other sources, and were subtracted from average PM2.5 concentrations indoors in the homes using solid fuel to give PM2.5 concentrations attributable to using the solid fuel of interest; and we did not attempt to estimate a health burden from using gas for cooking.
