Sentence examples for bulk value of the from inspiring English sources
Based on mode I, the enhancement of specific heat could be explained by the higher heat capacity of nanoparticles than the bulk value of the corresponding materials.
The dashed line in Figure 1 shows the bulk value of the thermal conductivity of copper, which is significantly higher than the measured values for thin films.
The resulting reduction of the band gap can be up to 250 meV for the thinnest ribbons, more than 20% of the bulk value of the band gap.
The resulting depression of the Si band gap is expected to be up to 350 meV, more than 30% of the bulk value of the band gap for the thinnest ribbons.
The 3 eV peak has a linear dependence on 1/d2 indicating a typical quantum dot-like behavior yielding a corresponding bulk value of the transition as 2.98 eV and the reduced effective mass of the electron-hole pair involved as 0.14.
The mass densities of these clusters have also been calculated and are lower than bulk values of the pure crystalline PAH structures.
The saturation magnetization for Fe films above 4 ML thickness is very close to the bulk value of Fe indicating the absence of interfacial Fe Ga As compounds.
In this range of graphene concentrations, the dielectric constant takes the bulk value of pure BaTiO3 (~2900) and the dielectric losses of the composites (~4 5 %) are due to a reduction of the Ti4+ to Ti3+ originated during the sintering process in vacuum.
The relative density (compared with the bulk value) of films depends on the film phase: 0.8 for δ, 0.86 for δ′ and 0.96 for β.
To estimate the anisotropy by the expression, K = μ0MSHA/2 [26], the saturation magnetization of the bulk value of Ni, MS = 485 emu/cm3, is adopted, and the anisotropy field H A ~ 1.5 kOe is determined in Fig. 6a, at which the curves of the parallel and perpendicular loops bifurcate.
The observed lattice expansion of the nanoparticles, compared to the bulk value of 4.1710 Å, is ascribed to finite size effect and the nickel vacancies (detailed description of size dependence of EXAFS can be found in Additional file 1: Figures S1) [8, 10, 32].
