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The comparisons are not only in the low bulk temperature region, but also in the high bulk temperature region.
These physical properties are the bulk temperature or concentration, and the film temperature or concentration.
The bulk temperature in digital specimen continued to rise after the heating was over.
In this context, the important role of the surface bulk temperature is highlighted.
The output parameters aside from warpage and shrinkage consist of part weight, residual stresses, cycle time, and maximum bulk temperature.
Wear rates are minimum for a bulk temperature of 140 °C and progressively increase at higher temperatures.
Flow velocities were changed from 1, 2 to 2.5 m/s at constant bulk temperature of 70 °C.
The gas is described by axially varying bulk temperature and species.
Bulk Reynolds number and bulk temperature are key quantities when reporting results in channel flow simulations.
Based on the transient energy balance, exact closed-form relationships are proposed to predict the coolant bulk temperature over time for the aforementioned scenarios.
Exact relationships are obtained to find; (i) temperature distribution for the fluid; (ii) fluid bulk temperature; and (iii) the local and time averaged Nusselt number.
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