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The solution proposed considers pressure drops in both permeate and bulk streams and includes concentration polarization.
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Furthermore, a separation of (precious) compounds from the bulk stream due to the precipitation is possible.
The inlet of photoreactor is modified in order to better control the bulk stream to form spiral-like flow.
Results are presented for a first-order reaction which ignites when the concentration in the bulk stream is suddenly increased.
Exothermic reactions on the surface of the sphere can jump to the ignited state due to fluctuations in the bulk stream.
A secondary benefit of the membrane design is the confinement of reaction products in the bulk stream on the active layer side, thus reducing the downstream separation needs.
This enables the bulk stream to remain pumpable, pourable and filterable.
Simulated moving bed (SMB) chromatographic separations are known for the efficient separation of well-defined bulk chemicals streams such as binary sugar mixtures or xylene isomers.
Two different configurations for that simple mixing approach have been considered and discussed, i.e. the "direct approach" which implies entrainment of the jet flow (containing the SNCR reduction agent) into a bulk flow (containing the products of the main combustion zone); and the "reverse approach" which represents entrainment of the bulk flow into the jet stream.
Mass transfer in membranes was treated to be a two-step process in the model: species selectively permeate across membrane to form a series of local permeate gases, then the local permeate gases converge into a bulk permeate stream.
The joint study of 1D flame computations and LES demonstrates that real-fluid behavior is chiefly confined to the bulk LOX stream; real fluid mixing occurs but in a thin layer surrounding the LOX core, characterized by water mass fractions limited to 3%.
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