There are also methods that use a "pre-column" to remove the bulk of the sample matrix while passing the analyte components onto a separating column.
The 568 cm−1 signal originates from the bulk of the sample, and the approximately 580 cm−1 peak originates from the highly compress stress region inside the indentation.
Instead, outliers are generally viewed as data values which are numerically distant from the bulk of the sample, thus requiring particular consideration given their significance.
Using multiple ion guns, ToF-SIMS allows investigations in the bulk of the sample; in this case the results represent a 4-dimensional data cube with three spatial (X, Y, and Z) and one spectral (mass-to-charge) dimension.
Apart from the possibility of slight local damage by the X-ray beam, the techniques are non-destructive to the bulk of the sample, enabling samples to be reused for further research.
Neutron diffraction was utilized to determine the strains, then the stresses in the bulk of the sample, between room temperature and 300 °C; unstrained Glidcop and W reference samples were measured as well in the same temperature range.
Investigations have been performed in the bulk of the sample, which allowed to study local distribution of the chemical composition through the thickness of the BFO film, LSCO layer, and part of the substrate.
We combined the results of SEM-EDX, ATR-FTIR and Raman spectroscopy on cross sections, with the results of pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (py-GC/MS) of powders from the surfaces and/or the bulk of the samples.
The phenomena of partial absorption, transmission, and multiple reflections are repeated in each subsequent layer resulting in more radiation absorption within the bulk of the sample resulting in higher SE due to absorption.
