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Recently, a number of non-destructive X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods have been developed that allow the mapping of chemical and structural information from bulk objects in three- and four dimensions10,11.
This study has demonstrated the feasibility and power of PDF-CT for the identification and characterization of materials that lack long-range order within the interiors of bulk objects.
The current strategy and resulting materials have potentials of designing a variety of bulk objects.
Figure 2a shows the SEM image of the smooth surface; no grain boundaries or cracks were observed on micrometre scale of the bulk objects.
The next step necessary involves reducing small bulk objects down the scale to where a single molecule has a specific task.
We collected bulk objects (e.g., filters from heating, ventilation, and air conditioning [HVAC] units, mail, soil samples) and swab, wipe, vacuum, and air specimens to test for B. anthracis environmental contamination by standard collection and shipping techniques (6).
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"We have other applications in mind," he says, to take advantage of the device's "optical selectivity in a 3-D bulk object". For example, a block of material could allow only one precise angle and color of light to pass through, while all others would be blocked.
Coating, which is simply defined as a single or multilayered materials deposited artificially on the surface of bulk object (substrate) made of another material, is a well-known process used in part to obtaining some required technical or decorative properties or to protect the material from expected chemical and physical interactions with its surrounded environment.
Because of the necessary movement of a bulk object, axial scanning is typically much slower than lateral scanning in a conventional microscope.
Unlike the most traditional bulk material objects, the microstructures of tissue and organs are mostly highly anisotropic, heterogeneous, and porous in nature.
This is the first study that has offered data on the distribution of bulk chloride within objects and linked it to X-radiographic data recording the physical condition of the object and images recording visual damage.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com