Sentence examples for bulk lifetime from inspiring English sources

The blue square indicates the bulk lifetime of unenhanced LH2 in PVA.

We demonstrate how the traditional one-photon technique can underestimate the bulk lifetime in a CdTe crystal by 10× and show that two-photon excitation more accurately measures the bulk lifetime.

The present moderate efficiency is possibly due to low bulk lifetime (approx. 5 μs after process).

However neither 1P nor 2P surface measurements show the >70 ns bulk lifetime revealed by the sub-surface 2P measurement.

However, we find that the long tail from 1P-TRPL does not accurately measure the bulk lifetime for unpassivated crystals.

Present device models consider homogeneous bulk lifetime, which does not accurately reflect the effects of heterogeneously distributed defects.

Staub, F. et al. Beyond bulk lifetimes: Insights into lead halide perovskite films from time-resolved photoluminescence.

Because of the strong effect of surface recombination in optical measurements, it is desirable to develop methods to separate surface and bulk lifetimes.

The advanced cell structures often feature the p n junction on the rear of the device and require high bulk lifetimes in order to achieve high efficiencies.

We observed only a slight efficiency variation (less than 3%relative) for wafer bulk lifetimes ranging from 1.2-6.5 1.2-6.5base resistivities froms2-9 Ωcm, with no significand difference baseeen the n-PEresistivities concept.

In this work, large improvements in bulk lifetimes were demonstrated on standard commercial grade n-type Czochralski silicon from values in the range of 90 190 μs to values of 3.4 4.9 ms through the use of a short, low temperature hydrogen passivation process only using atomic hydrogen released from layers of silicon oxynitride grown by plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition.