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The images obtained more accurately reflect the status of the bulk dispersion in the liquid state.
Utilizing a chirped-fiber-Bragg-grating (C-FBG) for dispersion control, solitary mode-locking is obtained without bulk dispersion compensation elements.
Combined with the Poisson Boltzmann equation, the Langmuir isotherm, and the DLVO theory, one can directly use CGMD outputs to: (i) predict electrostatic potentials around the nanomaterial, (ii) correlate surfactant surface coverages with surfactant concentrations in the bulk dispersion medium, and (iii) determine energy barriers against coagulation.
Aggregation of nanoparticles to clusters with desired size and structure can be achieved in continuous processing, assuming that the colloidal stability of primary particles can be manipulated by mixing with an appropriate coagulant, while at the same time gelation of the bulk dispersion is avoided.
To go beyond the k · p theory, an auxiliary tight-binding model defined on a lattice of sites containing two localized orbitals is introduced in such a way that it reproduces the bulk dispersion obtained from the two-band k · p model.
Such a distribution is a generalized case of Gaussian distribution and can be controlled by four parameters: α, β, γ and μ, which, respectively, describe impulsiveness, skewness, concentration of samples along the bulk (dispersion) and distribution shift on the x-axis (position).
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Next, only the long wavelength approximations of the models are compared and, considering the discrete model as reference, the Cosserat model shows inconsistent predictions of the bulk wave dispersion relations.
being β a parameter that accounts on the behavior of the bulk phonon dispersion relation.
When a nanoparticle is dispersed in an aqueous solution, surface ionization and the adsorption of cations or anions result in the generation of the surface charge and an electric potential will be developed between the particle surface and the bulk of dispersion medium [42, 43].
The nanometer-sized crystals take into account the quantum-confined effect (quantum confinement dominates the material's electronic and optical properties), where k-space bulk-like dispersion disappears and discrete excitonic-like nanolevels occur within the forbidden energy gap.
Next to the comparison of the lattice parameters of the ME-bulk and dispersion samples, also the coexistence region of the two cubic aspects shows up the different hydration properties (Figures 3 and 5).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com