Sentence examples for bulk diffusion at the from inspiring English sources
Calculations are performed on the rotations of grain boundaries by grain-boundary diffusion, which is three orders of magnitude higher than bulk diffusion at the deformation temperatures.
The relative density (80% for all samples) was not affected by the hot pressing temperature, which was likely due to insufficient bulk diffusion (at the pressure used within the temperature range selected) to promote densification.
It is concluded that bulk diffusion at low and moderate temperatures must be assisted by vacancies.
The model shows for all coals a transition from combustion controlled by oxygen bulk diffusion at low char conversions to kinetically controlled combustion at high conversions.
It is concluded that oxygen permeation at low temperatures (750°C) is limited by the rate of oxygen-ion recombination but is dominantly controlled by bulk diffusion at high temperatures (950°C).
Hence, as one should expect, for infinitely fast bulk diffusion kinetics, the vacancy chemical potential/concentration at the void surface is the same as in the bulk.
Since, several parameters including migration of metal ions from bulk solution to the surface of the adsorbent through bulk diffusion and the adsorption of metal ions at an active site on the surface of the adsorbent by chemical reactions play very important role in deciding the adsorption kinetics and adsorption mechanism; the actual adsorption mechanism is yet to be discussed and explained.
The effect of Ba on the electrochemical mechanism is associated with a promotion of the bulk diffusion steps at high frequency.
The bulk diffusion is mainly responsible for the compartment formation and hence the bamboo-structure [23].
These observations, at atomic resolution in an electron microscope, show that there is direct bonding between the tubes and the metal surface from which the tubes sprout and can be readily explained by bulk diffusion of carbon through the body of catalytic particles, with no evidence of surface diffusion.
The diffusion-controlled growth of niobium silicides (NbSi2 and Nb5Si3) was studied in Nb/Si and Nb/NbSi2 bulk diffusion couples annealed at 1200 1350 °C for 2 24 h.
