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The cohesive energy refers to the energy required to pull an atom out of the bulk condensed matter at zero pressure.
Molecules adsorbed to the surface can be either desorbed back to the vapor phase or absorbed into the bulk condensed phase.
This corresponds to an intramolecular attraction of 0.083-0.33 kT/bp, consistent with osmotic stress measurements in bulk condensed DNA.
Our results are consistent with α = 1 (indicating nearly perfect accommodation), regardless of the molecular structural properties, the phase state of the bulk condensed phase, or surface curvature.
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Electron microscopic visualization also revealed that CID chromatin displays a distinctive beads-on-a-string conformation with long linkers in between nucleosomes and remains decondensed under physiological ionic conditions that cause bulk nucleosomes to condense.
Damage to DNA via dissociative electron attachment has been well-studied in both the gas and condensed phases; however, understanding this process in bulk solution at a fundamental level is still a challenge.
Condensed rotational separation is a process of bulk separation based on flash evaporation or pressure distillation.
In the SMAD procedure, bulk gold and an organic solvent are co-evaporated and later condensed into a frozen matrix at liquid nitrogen temperature.
Control measurements showed that the broadening seen in the quasielastic signal must result from propane condensed in the zeolitic pore and not from gas, either in the bulk or inter-particle voids.
Compared with bulk BC, dissolved BC contained 30 40% more oxygen and more polar functional groups, but lower aromaticity and less condensed aromatic clusters.
Condensed rotational separation in the vapour solids liquid region and in the vapour solids region can be used as a bulk sweetening process prior to conventional techniques.
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