bulk charge

USAGE SUMMARY

The phrase "bulk charge" is correct and usable in written English.
It can be used in contexts related to finance, billing, or shipping, where a charge is applied for a large quantity of goods or services. Example: "The company offers a bulk charge discount for orders exceeding 100 units."

✓ Grammatically correct

Science

Human-verified examples from authoritative sources

Exact Expressions

14 human-written examples

In addition, the new method provides the bulk charge of the bed particles rather than a local measurement.

Journal of Electrostatics

Additionally, surface passivation methods are not well established for many other thin film semiconductors, making optical determination of bulk charge carrier lifetimes problematic.

Nature

In general, CdTe single crystals can display a large range in bulk charge carrier lifetimes due to variations in crystal quality22.

Nature

The multiple-superiorities achieved here (hollow/mesoporous/ultrathin/horn-like) allows g-C3N4 high surface area, drastically boosted bulk charge separation, carrier density and surface charge transfer efficiency.

Nano Energy

A central issue in understanding photo-redox catalysis is the facet-dependent charge movement behaviors that include bulk charge separation, surface charge transfer and interfacial charge migration.

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

Here we report the realization and characterization of a tunable topological insulator in a bismuth-based class of material by combining spin-imaging and momentum-resolved spectroscopies, bulk charge compensation, Hall transport measurements and surface quantum control.

Nature

Human-verified similar examples from authoritative sources

Similar Expressions

46 human-written examples

Both sets of experiments are analyzed with a model including conductance relaxations due to electric field-dependent generation and removal of bulk charge-carrying defects.

Electrochimica Acta

Reflex method has distinct advantages compared to other bulk charging methods.

Journal of Energy Storage

This time lag makes it possible to separate surface and bulk charging disturbances during magnetic storms.

Advances in Space Research

In the early 1900s, keepers didn't have to stay on the line for penalties, so as a kick was taken Foulke and his enormous bulk charged towards the penalty spot, putting opponents off.

The Guardian

The key parameter controlling the interplay of surface and bulk charging phenomena is the overlap of the Debye lengths of ionomer and metal surfaces in relation to the width of the gap.

Electrochimica Acta

Expert writing Tips

Best practice

When using "bulk charge" in scientific writing, ensure the context clearly defines whether you are referring to charge quantity, density, or transport properties within a material or system.

Common error

Avoid using "bulk charge" when you are actually referring to surface charge or interface charge, as these have distinct physical origins and behaviors. Always clarify whether you are discussing the material's interior or its surface.

Linguistic Context

The phrase "bulk charge" functions as a noun phrase, typically used as a subject or object in a sentence. It refers to the electrical charge present within the volume of a material, as evidenced by Ludwig's examples.

Expression frequency: Uncommon

Frequent in

Science

100%

Less common in

News & Media

0%

Formal & Business

0%

Ludwig's WRAP-UP

The phrase "bulk charge" is a technical term primarily used within scientific contexts, particularly in materials science and physics. As indicated by Ludwig, it refers to the electrical charge existing within the volume of a material, distinguishing it from "surface charge". Common applications include discussions of charge transport, separation efficiency in solar cells, and defect densities in semiconductors.

While grammatically correct, its frequency is uncommon, and it is rarely found outside of scientific publications. When using "bulk charge", clarity is paramount, especially regarding whether you mean charge quantity, density, or transport properties. This makes clear communication key for scientific and technical audiences.

More alternative expressions

Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:

total charge

Focuses on the entirety of the charge rather than its distribution.

overall charge

Emphasizes a general or comprehensive measurement of charge.

net charge

Highlights the resulting charge after accounting for positive and negative contributions.

aggregate charge

Stresses the combination of multiple charges into one.

cumulative charge

Implies a charge that has built up over time or through a process.

total electrical load

More specific to electrical contexts, referring to the total electrical demand.

overall electrical burden

Focuses on the charge as a load or burden on a system.

volumetric charge density

Highlights the density aspect of the charge within a volume.

integrated charge

Emphasizes the summing or integration of charge over an area or volume.

global charge

Indicates a charge considered from a system-wide perspective.

FAQs

How is "bulk charge" measured in a material?

Techniques such as Hall effect measurements, capacitance-voltage profiling, and deep-level transient spectroscopy can be used to determine the "bulk charge" concentration and distribution within a material.

What factors influence "bulk charge" carrier lifetimes in semiconductors?

Crystal quality, point defects (like vacancies), and impurities significantly impact the "bulk charge" carrier lifetimes. These factors create traps that can reduce the lifetime of charge carriers.

How does "surface charge" differ from "bulk charge"?

"Bulk charge" refers to the charge distributed within the volume of a material, whereas "surface charge" accumulates at the material's surface or interface due to surface states, adsorbates, or termination effects. They influence material properties in different ways.

In what contexts is maximizing "bulk charge" separation important?

Efficient "bulk charge" separation is critical in photoelectrochemical applications like solar cells and photocatalysis, as it enhances the generation of photocurrent and reduces electron-hole recombination.