Work is now required in RA to build interventions that are based on theoretical models.
The tool has been developed for non-randomised studies of interventions and, while built environment interventions pose particular challenges, it is important to be aware of and minimise bias due to confounding, participant selection, measurement of interventions, departure from intended interventions, missing data, measurement of outcomes, and selection of reported results.
Despite challenges, we would encourage researchers to pursue opportunistic interventions and work with local planners and stakeholders to identify and evaluate built environmental interventions.
However, individuals' behavioral responses to built environment interventions may vary by their different tastes.
Although the relationships identified are not causal, they are suggestive in terms of planning successful built environment interventions.
One example is encouraging daily physical activity via built environment interventions and programs, which is recommended by numerous groups.
The aim of this study was to explore a method for the incorporation of monetised PA-related health benefits in cost-benefit analysis of built environment interventions.
However, PA-related health benefits are seldom considered in transport and urban planning (i.e. built environment interventions) cost-benefit analysis.
We present a suburban case study where we compare a baseline scenario with an alternative scenario developed with local planners that incorporated possible built environment interventions.
Metropolitan areas around the world are looking for sustainable strategies to reduce use of private automobiles, energy consumption and emissions, often achieved by built environment interventions that encourage use of sustainable modes of transport.
Persons who use wheelchairs experience substantial pedestrian mortality disparities calling for behavioural and built environment interventions.
