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Building penetration loss.
The building penetration loss and the delay spread were measured as a function of elevation angle and building entry angle.
The proposed analytical model is inspired by the COST 231 building penetration method [14] but applied reversely.
Due to building penetration loss, the indoor TVWS identification and AP placement should be carefully considered in the indoor scenario.
For example, building penetration loss and modern window coatings originally designed for thermal insulation add to the mean pathloss at 2.6 GHz.
The Winner pathloss model from the 802.16m EMD [19] was used for outdoor to indoor building penetration from BS to MS as follows: (14).
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COST231-Hata model defines the path loss in different urban and suburban areas as well as in in-building penetration.
That frequency band (800 MHz) attracted the highest attention of mobile communications industry because the propagation characteristics of this sub-1 GHz band are better for long range coverage outside urban areas and better for in-building penetration in dense urban areas.
The design of the hydrogen vent line should be considered to prevent purge nitrogen gas in the vent line from freezing when releasing the cryogenic hydrogen, to prevent moisture in the stack placed in an outdoor location from freezing, and to inhibit large piping temperature reduction at a building wall penetration.
Individual exposures to particulate matter differ (a) according to time patterns of behaviour and (b) with the varying degrees of protection provided by buildings against penetration and persistence of outdoor particles.
Private bedrooms were designed to "thrust out from the circular ring of the building, metaphorically representing penetration, the circular ring representing the vaginal passage and womb of the female.
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