By contrast, technologically under-developed countries, known as "least developed countries" (LDCs), are trying to play catch-up and build their technologies and economies from the ground up.
"The way they have built their technology and how they are already provisioning it has been impressive," said Boland.
Ad tech Companies that have built their technology stack to take advantage of the move of brand dollars to mobile will have a second wind in their sails.
"Kabbage is one of the leading companies in the lending space, having built their technology & data platform from the ground up before they even launched to customers.
The "maker" movement, an offshoot of do-it-yourself culture whose adherents design and build their own technology products, is more established in America: the most recent Maker Faire New York, for example, held in September, boasted some 75,000 participants and over 650 stalls.
Because of the timing of Amazon's unparalleled scaling — hypergrowth in the early 2000s, before enterprise-class SaaS was widely available — Amazon had to build their own technology infrastructure.
("No distributed teams, no overseas teams, and definitely no companies that rely on "outsourcing" to build their core technology").. Of course there will also be subjective criteria, a "gut call".
Previously, businesses that needed to run surveys, set up SMS shortcodes, run teleconferences, or send appointment reminders might have had to build their own technology, or rely on inefficient human call centers.
