The results described can assist with the design of autonomous, decentralised, off-grid renewable energy powered water treatment systems and help decide whether to include energy buffering components.
Buffering components at different stages and applying postponement, i.e., delaying the moment when generic products become specific, might also be an approach for coping with longer lead times caused by slow-steaming.
These results indicate that leaves have more buffering components than bagasse.
Specific buffering components and salts can be varied, as long as the overall ionic strength of the buffer remains low.
Buffering components, potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate, sodium hydroxide pellets, and hydrochloric acid, were correspondingly obtained from, Ace (Johannesburg), Merck (Wadeville), and Rochelle (Johannesburg).
Although we have used our modelling to predict a more accurate pH for the mother liquor, the same method can also be used to predict the pH within the crystallization drop by combing the buffering components.
Using a lysozyme solution at 40 mg/ml with 100 mM sodium chloride and the buffer PCTP at 50 mM, we have shown that, when mixed with 50 mM PCTP at pH 5, 7 and 9, the final pH could be predicted from the two buffering components with neither the salt or the lysozyme having a noticeable effect.
Another potential buffering factor is male sex.
This buffering requires multiple components and is therefore unavailable to two-component systems, suggesting one important advantage of multi-component relays.
