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A sodium acetate buffer was used at pH 2.0 5.0, a potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer was used at pH 6.0 8.0, and a carbonate bicarbonate buffer was prepared at pH 9.0 11.0.
The buffer was prepared at room temperature.
For non-reducing conditions, the Laemmli buffer was prepared at pH 6.8 with no β-mercaptoethanol.
For highly reducing conditions, the Laemmli buffer was prepared at pH 10.0 with 10% (v/v) β-mercaptoethanol.
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Plates containing 10 μL of laccase samples and 180 μl of 100 mM Britton and Robinson buffer were prepared at pH values of 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0 and 9.0.
Six dilutions of AgNPs in the running buffer were prepared at concentrations ranging from 0.2 μg/L to 8.7 mg/L and injected to the MT1-coated flow channel at 70 μl/min for 4.5 min.
To determine the −log K2 T e2) term in eq 5, tris seawater buffer was used as a calibrating medium over a range of salinities between 20 and 40 and temperatures between 278.15 and 303.15 K. Solutions of 0.04 m tris buffer were prepared at different salinities according to the recipe of DelValls and Dickson.
Mixed D2O/H2O buffers were prepared at various mole fractions by combining deuterated and proteated buffers at the desired ratios, and differences in molar volumes between H2O and D2O were accounted for using values of 18.126 and 18.058 mL/mol, respectively.
Stock buffers were prepared at 1 M in deionized water and pH was adjusted by addition of appropriate molar ratios of conjugate acid and conjugate base, or by empirical adjustment with HCl or NaOH.
Stocks of NMR buffers were prepared at pH 6.5 (50 mM sodium acetate with 95% H2O and 5% D2O) and pH 6.5 and 7.3 (both 50 mM sodium phosphate with 95% H2O and 5% D2O).
All assays were conducted at 37°C in TNC buffer [50 mM Tris/HCl, 150 mM NaCl, 10 mM CaCl2, 0.05% Brij-35 and 0.02% sodium azide). This buffer was prepared with a pH of 7.70 at 20°C, giving a pH of 7.30 at 37°C. Assays were conducted in sealed 0.5 ml microfuge tubes with endpoint fluorescence measured after 18 h using a Gemini microplate spectrofluorometer (Molecular Devices).
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