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Gels were run (2 V/cm for 10 min; 8 V/cm for 50 min) in ice-cold buffer – to minimise small fragment diffusion.
Plasma was diluted 1/10 with endotoxin-free buffer to minimise interferences in the reaction (inhibition or enhancement) and heated for 15 min at 70°C.
For this reason we used chilled, preservative-free flow buffers at low pressures with a large nozzle size, and sorted cells directly into a lysis and RNA stabilisation buffer to minimise the risk of effects on RNA transcription.
Serum or plasma samples are routinely mixed with buffer to minimise shifts due to pH.
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External pH was changed using a mixture of three buffers to minimise changes in buffering power.
Sections were then incubated with 2% non-immune goat serum (Zymed Histostain kit, San Francisco, CA, USA) or 0.5% milk powder diluted in Tris buffered saline (TBS) to minimise cross-reactivity.
The effects of changing pHo were assessed by changing the superfusate pH using a mixture of three different buffers (with different dissociation constants) to minimise changes in buffering power.
An investigation into mitigating the negative effects of low buffering was also conducted and estimates that a buffer volume of 50 litres is sufficient to minimise the effects.
For glass slides carrying deparaffinised tissue sections, 50 µl of hybridisation buffer was added and coverslips were used to minimise evaporation.
Cell extracts were diluted 1 : 20 in assay buffer before being added to the fluorescent substrate as experimentation showed this to be the optimum dilution to minimise the effect of the extraction buffer itself on the fluorescent BODIPY® substrate.
For DNA and RNA extraction of G. australes, cells were harvested by separation over 3.0 μM filters (Merck Millipore, Darmstadt, Germany) and washed with Phosphate buffered saline (Sigma, St . Louis MO) three times to minimise bacterial contamination.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com