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The film deposited with the 4.4-nm buffer layer shows a roughness less than 10 nm, whereas the films deposited with buffer layers greater than 6 nm, show a larger roughness (10 to 15 nm) because of larger grain sizes.
The films deposited with a 7-nm buffer layer show a dielectric constant of 270, remnant polarization of (2Pr) 3 μC/cm2, and coercive field (Ec) of 60 kV/cm, whereas the BTO film deposited on an 8.9-nm buffer layer shows a 2Pr of 5 μC/cm2 and Ec of 100 kV/cm.
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As a result, AISI 316L stainless steel clad with a KMS 309L buffer layer showed a significant reduction in susceptibility to hot cracking.
In FCTF tests, the TBCs with the buffer layer showed a longer lifetime performance than those without the buffer layer, showing the longest thermal durability in the TBC with the Co-Ni-based bond coat and the buffer layer of regular purity.
The BTO films deposited on the 7.2-nm-thick lanthanum nitrate buffer layer show a relative dielectric constant of 270, a remnant polarization (2Pr) of 5 μC/cm2, and a coercive field (Ec) of 100 kV/cm, which make it a suitable candidate for future electronic and photonic devices.
However, the structures with a buffer layer showed relatively high-level resistances when the bending curvature was larger than 1 cm−1 (i.e., R/R0 were greater than 100).
Even though the structures with a buffer layer showed relatively high resistance, for the above-mentioned reason, the simulation and experiment demonstrated that ITO-based structures with a buffer layer are highly reliable and durable during bending.
Solar cell devices prepared by using β-In2S3 as a buffer layer show 16.4% conversion efficiency, which is very close to that of the standard CdS buffer layer [9].
X-ray diffraction (XRD) of the buffer layer showed strong out-of-plane orientation on Ni tape.
The TBC with the double buffer layer showed the best thermal cycle performance among all samples in all tests.
The buffer layers showed some cracks after YBCO deposition, which we considered to be responsible for the relatively low JC.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com