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Positive (50 μg/plate of sodium azide) and negative (phosphate buffer) controls were used to compare the number of revertant colonies.
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Buffers 3 km from each case and control were used to represent areas in which village inhabitants would carry out their daily activities.
Crude clarified protein extracts of the E. coli host was used for positive control spots, plain buffer spots were used as negative controls.
Tubes containing buffer only were used as control for chemical hydrolysis (blank), the value of which was systematically subtracted.
In all knockdown experiments siGenome non-targeting siRNA (D-001210-0X, Dhandacon) and 1× siRNA dilution buffer (Dharmacon) were used as negative controls.
Plants inoculated with buffer alone were used as Mock controls.
To detect the EPS shed from M. xanthus cells onto different surfaces, 50 µl DK1622 or SW504 cells at 1×108 cell/ml in MOPS buffer was added to the wells of Costar™ polystyrene 96-well plates w/wo SuperBlock pre-treatment while 50 µl of MOPS buffer and 50 µl purified EPS (10 µg/ml carbohydrate in MOPS buffer) were used as controls.
For positive and negative control distilled water and phosphate buffer saline were used respectively.
The buffer alone and SUMO in 50 mM citrate buffer (pH 5.0) were used as negative controls.
Both the dsRNA of GFP and an equivalent volume of buffer were used as controls.
Uninfected THP-1 cells (treated with SPG or PBS buffer or RPMI) were used as controls.
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